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Friction body which can be set up to give 3 different surface options
Experiments relating to Hooke's Law, friction and the inclined plane
Rail from forming the inclined plane
Steel helical spring
Supplementary set for experimental unit.
Box to house the components.
Cam Mechanisms play an important role in the conversion of rotary motion into oscillatory motion. This application is highly dynamic: valves must be opened and closed in very quick succession. The contact between the valve and a cam must not be lost, otherwise it would result in uncontrolled oscillations, valve float and possible damage to the engine. The most common application of cam mechanisms is the activation of valves in engines.
Features:
Influence of spring stiffness and mass on the dynamic behaviour
Record elevation curves of cam mechanisms
Four different cam members, two different engaging members
Learning Objectives And Experiments:
Determine the limit speed and compare with theory
Influence of moving mass on the motion of cam member/plunger
Influence of return-spring stiffness and preload on the motion of cam member/plunger
Elevation curves in non-matching engaging member
Elevation curve in sprung-engaging member
Comparison of elevation curves with theory
Comparison of the elevation curves of different cam-member shapes.
Dynamic friction is differentiated into sliding, rolling and spinning friction. In dynamic friction, there is relative translation between the two bodies. Rolling friction occurs when two bodies roll on each other without sliding. In bearing and drive technology, dynamic friction occurs at the sliding and rolling points, which leads to power losses in the technical systems. Rolling friction is therefore a combination of rolling and dynamic friction. In rolling friction, the rolling motion is superposed with a smaller sliding friction, known as slip.
Features:
Frictional forces between two rolling friction wheels
Use of different lubricants possible
How slip affects the frictional force
Learning Objectives And Experiments:
Determine the frictional forces as a function of load, lubrication and operating speed
How slip affects the frictional force
Together with the drive unit
Determine the coefficients of friction.
Corrosion damage to metallic components causes considerable economic and technical damages. The issue of corrosion and corrosion protection therefore plays an important role in technical training.
Features:
Electrochemical corrosion (local elements)
Corrosion protection with external voltage and sacrificial anodes
Principles of corrosion and corrosion protection on metallic materials
Oxygen corrosion
Learning Objectives And Experiments:
Corrosion behaviour of different metallic materials (rust / passivation)
Oxygen corrosion
Corrosion protection
External voltage
Formation of local elements
Influence of pH value of the electrolyte solution
Influence of salt concentration in the electrolyte solution
Sacrificial anodes
Protective layers.
In hydrodynamic bearings, the shaft and the bearing shell are separated from each other during operation by a supporting lubricating film. The position of the shaft in relation to the speed and the load is important for an analysis of the tribological process in the bearing shell of a journal bearing. The pressure in the lubricating film in hydrodynamic journal bearings is generated by the relative motion between bearing shell and shaft.
Features:
Pressure distribution in the journal bearing
Locus of the shaft under different loads and speeds
Frictional moment under different bearing clearances and loads.
Learning Objectives And Experiments:
Influence of speed, bearing clearance and bearing load on the displacement of the shaft
Influence of speed, bearing clearance, bearing load and lubricant on the frictional moment
Determine the coefficients of friction at various loads and speeds, compare with Stribeck curves
Locus of the shaft.
Tribology studies friction, wear and lubrication. Lubricants are used to minimise friction and wear. Friction occurs when two solids are in contact with each other and their movement is impeded. If material is lost progressively during this process, it is referred to as wear.
Features:
Electronic measurement of the frictional force between friction partners
Base module for studying various cases of sliding and rolling friction
Learning Objectives And Experiments:
Elasto-hydrodynamic behaviour in rolling friction of a sphere against a flat surface
Frictional vibrations and slipstick phenomenon
Pressure distribution in the journal bearing
Wear test: pin against disk
Wear test: friction wheel experiment
Together with the experimental units
Rolling friction of two disks with slip.
Hydrodynamic lubrication occurs in roller bearings, gear wheels and cam followers, whose contact surfaces are subjected to high loads. The theory of hydrodynamics takes into consideration the elastic deformation of the bodies in contact with each other and provides a basis for calculating the influence of lubrication on damage to gears and roller bearings. These surfaces are elastically deformed because of high contact pressures.
Features:
Investigation of the thickness and shape of the lubricating film
Hydrodynamic behaviour between the sphere and rotating-glass-plate friction pair.
Learning Objectives And Experiments:
Study the effect of load and speed on the thickness of the lubricating film
Together with the drive unit
Determine the thickness of the lubricating film at the contact point of a sphere with a plane surface compare with theoretical value.
Hydrodynamic lubrication occurs in roller bearings, gear wheels and cam followers, whose contact surfaces are subjected to high loads. The theory of hydrodynamics takes into consideration the elastic deformation of the bodies in contact with each other and provides a basis for calculating the influence of lubrication on damage to gears and roller bearings. These surfaces are elastically deformed because of high contact pressures.
Features:
Investigation of the thickness and shape of the lubricating film.
Hydrodynamic behaviour between the sphere and rotating-glass-plate friction pair.
Learning Objectives And Experiments:
Study the effect of load and speed on the thickness of the lubricating film.
Together with the drive unit
Determine the thickness of the lubricating film at the contact point of a sphere with a plane surface compare with theoretical value.
Mechanical stress, to which design elements are generally exposed, generates stresses in the affected component or the material. The component does not return fully to its original form after the deformation, resulting in a change of shape. If these stresses are too large, there is plastic deformation of the material in addition to the elastic, reversible deformation.
Features:
Plot loadextension diagrams.
Observe and determine the transition from elastic to plastic deformation.
Learning Objectives And Experiments:
Load on a beam with a point load
Demonstrate the invalidity of the superposition principle in the plastic region
Compare the load and relief curves
Plot a loadextension diagram and determine the nonlinear behaviour.
A solid understanding of the properties of materials is essential for technical and scientific professions. The materials test provides the necessary data in a reproducible and precisely quantified manner. This knowledge helps select the suitable material, monitor production and processing and ensure the requirements in terms of a component. The tensile test, bending test and hardness test are all part of classic destructive materials testing.
Features:
Compact, simple experimental unit for basic destructive tests
Tensile tests, Brinell hardness test
Learning Objectives And Experiments:
Tensile tests
Together with the accessories
Compression tests
Bending tests
Plot stress strain diagrams
Brinell hardness test
Testing of plate and coil springs
Cupping tests
Shear tests.
The materials test provides data for hardness, rigidity and strength in a reproducible and precisely quantified manner. A classic discipline of materials testing is the destructive testing method, in which specimens are mechanically tested to failure.
Features:
Direct generation of tensile and compressive forces.
Extensive accessories for experiments from destructive materials testing.
Hydraulically operated trainer, based on industrial standards.
Learning Objectives And Experiments:
Compression test
Brinell hardness test
Together with the accessories
Shear test
Cupping test
Tensile test
Bending test
Spring testing.
The main element of the unit is a slotted, elastically deformable steel block. The resulting deformation is recorded by a mechanical dial gauge, and is directly related to the bolt tension force generated. By tightening the bolt joint, the slotted area is deformed, thereby generating an axial tension force in the bolt.
Features:
Breakaway torque of a bolt joint
Correlation between tightening torque and tension force on standardised bolts.
Learning Objectives And Experiments:
Measurement Of The Breakaway Torque, Including For Different Fitting Situations Of The Bolt Joint
Axial tension force in a bolt joint dependent on the tightening torque or the elastic deformation of a slotted block
Measurement of thread friction and overall friction.
In the field of industrial quality control, the impact test is a widely used test method with which to quickly and easily determine characteristics for a material or component analysis.
Features:
Charpy notched-bar impact test with increased work capacity up to 300Nm.
Safe experiments thanks to two-handed release of the hammer and optional protective cage.
Pendulum impact tester based on industrial standards.
Learning Objectives And Experiments:
Influence of notch shape, material and specimen temperature on the notched-bar impact work.
Determine the notched-bar impact work
Plot a notched-bar impact worktemperature diagram
Determine the notched-bar impact strength
Analyse the fracture surface characteristics.
The frame for load tests has been designed specifically for experiments in the fields of steelwork and civil engineering. Large components at a 1:1 scale are studied. The demands of modern, technically sophisticated designs require a solid understanding of the strength and deformation of components. Different load states can be simulated in load experiments and the reaction to the load recorded and analysed. This makes it possible to demonstrate the load bearing capacity of the design by means of experiment.
Features:
Specially designed for large components at a 1:1 scale.
Wide range of applications thanks to extensive accessories.
Load tests on components from steelwork and civil engineering.
Learning Objectives And Experiments:
Bending tests
Load tests
Together with the accessories
Compression tests.
These are all original industrial parts that have been prepared such that individual active parts are clearly visible to the user, but their mechanical functionality is retained in full. The range consists of a series of different cutaway models of drive system components. Each of the cutaway models is firmly mounted on a base plate to which hand grips are also attached for carrying. Drive is by hand in each case.
Features:
Demonstration of machine components and illustration of their operation.
Worm Gears Unit are a category of helical rolling gears that are classified as transmission or conversion elements within machine elements. They are smaller and easier to operate than spur gears or bevel gears of the same performance and gear ratios. This type of gear comprises the usual driving worm and the driven worm wheel. Worm gears are quiet and have a damping effect.
Features:
Design and principle of worm gears.
Learning Objectives And Experiments:
Investigation of transmission ratio, torque, friction and self-locking
Development of the main variables and relationships in a worm gear
Determine the efficiency.
Cable or hoist winches are machine elements that are classified as transmission or conversion elements. This allows loads secured to the supporting cable to be moved. In a cable winch, a supporting cable is wound on a cable drum by means of a gear transmission.
Features:
Structure and principle of a cable winch.
Learning Objectives And Experiments:
Determine
Angular velocity
Efficiency
Behaviour under load
Transmission ratio
Unwinding rate.
The fatigue strength and design strength of components are determined in fatigue strength tests or endurance tests. Moving components and machine parts are often exposed to periodically fluctuating loads. Even if the dynamic load is far below the static load capacity, this load can lead to fracture of the component after a long time because of material fatigue.
Features:
Automatically shuts down when the specimen fractures
Different specimens show the influence of notching and surface quality
Continuous Adjustment Of The Load Amplitude
Learning Objectives And Experiments:
Influence of different fillet radii and surface qualities on the fatigue strength
Fatigue strength of bars under reverse bending stress.
Reading and understanding complex engineering drawings are core skills. The use of concrete applications and real-world workpieces and standard parts is intended to develop engineering communication skills. They are at least equivalent to drawing ability itself, and are the aim of this course. The actual drawing tasks are developed from a larger technological environment.
Features:
Introduction to sectional views
Consists of drilling jig and workpiece
Learning Objectives And Experiments:
Familiarisation with sectional views: full section and half section
Dimensioning of rotating parts and threads
Introduction to graphical representation of rotationally symmetrical components
Complete machining on modern tooling machines
Tolerances, fits, surface specifications
Production engineering aspects
Devices as aids for drilling and reaming
Classification of the workpiece in a larger technological context.
The creep rupture test is a destructive test method for determining the material behaviour (creep) at constant test temperature (room temperature and below) and after prolonged exposure to a constant load. Components that are subjected to long-term constant loads deform plastically. This material behaviour is called creep.
Features:
Experiments at or below room temperature are possible
Typical phenomena of creep processes
Learning Objectives And Experiments:
Influence of temperature and load on the creep
Creep in specimens of various materials
Record a straintime diagram (creep curve)
Load and recovery in plastics.
Gear drives are uniform translation gears. The rotary motion is transferred from one shaft to a second through positive transmission by gears.
The gear is the element of a machine that transmits and transforms motion. A gear comprises at least one drive, an output and a frame.
The drive and the output shaft are arranged in parallel. Planetary gears are a type of spur gears, in which the drive and the output shafts are on the same axle. In spur gears, the gears are mounted on parallel axles.
Features:
Investigation of planetary gears
Investigation of single-stage and multistage spur gears
Learning Objectives And Experiments:
Determine the transmission ratio
Investigation of single-stage or multistage spur gears
Investigation of planetary gears.
Beams are important design elements in mechanical engineering and building construction that can deform under load. In linearelastic material behaviour, the bending line, also known as elastic line, is used to determine the deflection of beams. Deflection can be determined at any point on the beam using the influence coefficients and commutative theory. Beams are subjected to load transversely in the axial direction, which leads to deflection.
Features:
Beams of different materials: steel, brass and aluminium.
Learning Objectives And Experiments:
Elastic line and support forces in statically indeterminate systems.
Elastic line under varying load.
Elastic line under various support conditions.
The belt drives are machine elements that are classed as traction mechanisms in the field of transmission or conversion elements. The motion is transferred by traction mechanisms that can only absorb tensile forces. Toothed belts and chains deliver positive transmission of movements. They transfer torque and speed between guiding members such as wheels or pulleys. Traction mechanisms such as cables, flat belts and V-belts, on the contrary, allow for non-positive transmission.
Features:
Friction of different belt types on a metal pulley
Function of a belt drive
Learning Objectives And Experiments:
Comparison of flat belts and V-belts
Consequences of an unadapted V-belt groove
Effect of wrap angle, coefficient of friction and cable force.
The planet gears are mounted on a planet carrier and engage positively in an internally toothed ring gear. Torque and power are distributed among several planet gears. The Planetary Gear is a special type of gear drive, in which the multiple planet gears revolve around a centrally arranged sun gear. Planetary gears are used in automotive construction and shipbuilding, as well as for stationary use in turbines and general mechanical engineering. Sun gear, planet carrier and ring gear may either be driving, driven or fixed.
Features:
Four different transmissions can be configured
Bending beams to measure force
Two-stage planetary gears with three planet gears each
Inductive speed sensors for speed-time diagrams to determine the angular acceleration.
Learning Objectives And Experiments:
Gear acceleration under constant driving torque
Influence of the transmission ratio
Determine reduced mass moment of inertia
Determine the transmission ratio for a locked gear
Determine friction
Determine gear efficiency
Measure transmitted forces for a locked gear
Conversion of potential energy into kinetic energy.
The experimental unit illustrates the laws for forming the equilibrium of moments in static systems. Two pulleys with different diameters are mounted on a steel shaft, which is itself mounted on ball bearings. The relations between wheel diameter, moment and circumferential force are demonstrated.
Features:
Memorable demonstration of the equilibrium of moments.
Learning Objectives And Experiments:
Effect of forces as a function of pulley diameter.
Fundamentals of the equilibrium of moments: acting forces, generated moments and equilibrium.
The pendulum body oscillates in a plane purely translationally without rotation. In a bifilar suspension, the pendulum body is suspended over two threads. In a trifilar suspension with three threads, the pendulum body is set in a torsional vibration. This kind of pendulum can be considered as a mathematical pendulum. The torsional vibration can be used to determine the moment of inertia by experiment.
Features:
Moment of inertia in an experiment on a rotary pendulum.
Ideal mathematical pendulum can be demonstrated.
Learning Objectives And Experiments:
Determine the mass moment of inertia
Influence of thread length on the oscillation period.
Gears are employed as a link between driving machine and driven machine. The aim of dynamic gear analysis is an understanding of the motion sequences and the influence of inertia. They are used to vary torque and speed and to change direction.
Features:
Drive via cable drum and variable set of weights
Inductive speed sensors on all shafts
Single-Stage, two-stage or three-stage spur gear with distributed rotational inertia.
Learning Objectives And Experiments:
Determining the mass moment of inertia of the gear
Determining the friction
Determining the angular acceleration on gears
Determining the gear efficiency.
Using this accessory for the universal material teste a bending bar is investigated. An I-section steel beam is used as the base. This is straightforwardly bolted to the lower cross-member on the. This is mounted on two supports and loaded with a point force generated by the tester. By sliding the bearing it is possible to apply the force in different positions and change the support width. The influence of the modulus of elasticity and planar moment of inertia is also demonstrated. Using the apparatus, the relationship between load and elastic deformation can be demonstrated.
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The vibrations are induced by inhomogeneous flow fields. The accessory set induces the vibrations magnetically. Three fan rotors with differing numbers of blades can be investigated. Vibration measurements on fans and blowers play a major role in field monitoring operations. In addition to the usual signals caused by bearings and imbalance, the vibrations induced by the fan blades can be measured. A guard plate covers the rotating fans. Just as in actual practice, the fan model can also be driven directly via a flexible coupling or by the belt drive. An obliquely-mounted inertia disk is used to investigate the gyroscopic effect.
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The crack influences the vibration behaviour of the shaft by changing its rigidity. Using suitable analysis software, this change can be registered and inspection of the machine organised in good time. In the experiment, the crack is simulated by an asymmetric flange joint. Cracks due to material fatigue are very dangerous for rotating machines. Early detection of any crack is therefore essential before permanent rupture and often fatal consequences can occur. The accessory set-up includes two shafts of different lengths: one short and one long. The short shaft simulates a protruding shaft end, and is loaded with the belt drive. Variable tightening of the flange bolts produces a temporary gaping of the butt joint, which closely approximates to the behaviour of a crack.
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This supplement to the universal material tester enables deep-drawing and cupping experiments to be performed to assess the material properties of thin sheet. A mirror permits the underside of the specimen to be observed and thus makes it possible to see exactly how cracking starts. The deep-drawing conditions are similar to those used in practice. A sheet specimen is clamped between the die and the holder. The specimen is then deformed using a spherical punch until it cracks. Using these device thin sheets up to thickness of 2mm can be investigated.
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Cavitation can play a major role in the vibration of pumps during operation. The pump and tank are interconnected by hoses. Valves and manometers in the delivery and intake lines allow various operating conditions to be set. The transparent plastic pump housing provides a view into the interior of the pump during operation. With the accessory set, cavitation can be experimentally induced and its influence on the vibration spectrum investigated. The principal elements of the accessory set are a single-stage centrifugal pump and a storage tank. This enables the formation of cavitation bubbles to be observed.
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This accessory set-up enables the response of an elastic rotor to unbalanced excitation to be studied. The field balancing of elastic rotors is another area which can be investigated. The supplied pendulum ball bearings ensure full mobility of the shaft. The subcritical, supercritical and resonance running states can be demonstrated. A comparison of the orbits (path curves) in the subcritical and supercritical range is of particular interest. The retainer bearing limits the amplitudes to harmless values at speeds close to resonance.
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The crack influences the vibration behaviour of the shaft by changing its rigidity. Early detection of any crack is therefore essential before permanent rupture and often fatal consequences can occur. In the experiment, the crack is simulated by an asymmetric flange joint. Using suitable analysis software, this change can be registered and inspection of the machine organised in good time. Cracks due to material fatigue are very dangerous for rotating machines. The accessory set-up includes two shafts of different lengths: one short and one long. The short shaft simulates a protruding shaft end, and is loaded with the belt drive. Variable tightening of the flange bolts produces a temporary gaping of the butt joint, which closely approximates to the behaviour of a crack.
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Many vibration phenomena can only be achieved when the system is under load. The braking torque can be finely adjusted on the control unit. The exciter current is applied as a measure of the braking torque and is indicated digitally on a display. An integrated belt drive, with a free shaft, provides the brake with two torque and speed ranges. The brake and load unit is used to generate vibration as a function of torque, e.g. in toothed gearing mechanisms or electric motors. The energy is converted by the brake into heat and discharged to the ambient air by a fan. The brake can be quickly and precisely mounted on the slotted plate of the base unit. It consists of a magnetic particle brake and an electric control unit.
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Vibration analysis is a key tool in estimating the condition of a roller bearing. The spectral distribution can deliver accurate information on the type and location of the damage. This accessory set-up contains six roller bearings on which different faults can be detected and explained. The slow change in the vibration spectrum provides indications of the remaining life of a bearing and can be used as a criterion for its replacement. The radial load on the bearing can be set within broad limits using the belt drive accessory set (setting of belt tension; fixed load).
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The slip forces between two rotating friction discs in contact can be determined using this accessory module. The slip between the discs is maintained at a constant 4% by a gearbox. The contact pressure can be adjusted in steps (10N) up to max. 80N.This adjustment is performed using a lever with a mechanical advantage of 2:1. The unit is intended for operation with the basic module. The unit has a container for supplying lubricant. Knurled bolts enable the friction discs to be changed easily. Connection to the basic module is made using a clamped coupling. A strain gauge force transducer connected to the controller measures the friction forces directly.
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It is important that the belt should not vibrate and/or slip. The belt drive is a dual belt drive with a belt tensioner. It can, however, also be operated with only one belt. The accessory set-up can be used to investigate conditions that cause vibration or slip. The effect of disparate elongation on multiple belt drives can be demonstrated by means of individually-adjustable tensioning rollers. When properly designed, manufactured, and correctly set; belt drives are low-maintenance, low-noise, long-life drive units. The brake and load unit is required to conduct the experiment. The accessory set can also be used to apply transverse loads in other experiments. An eccentrically-bored small belt pulley and a damaged V-belt enhance the range of possible experiments.
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They are grouped into individual assembly sequences. The base plate is covered with a transparent cover panel on which a graphical representation of the assembly structure is printed. The kit contains all the parts required to assemble a functional bending device. The parts are clearly laid out on a base plate. The surfaces of the finished parts have a gunmetal finish to prevent corrosion. Multiple trays are stackable, providing for space-saving storage. The kit is ideally deployed for student exercises during teaching, with two/three students able to work with each kit. The graphic symbolises standard and production parts, and also represents fixed and moving connections differently. The comprehensive and clearly structured instructional material is laid-out in line with modern principles and is of great help with lesson preparation. All parts are precision-manufactured on CNC machines and feature standard engineering tolerances and surface finishes.
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The mechanical functionality of all components is retained in full. Each of the cutaway models is securely mounted on a base plate to which handles are attached for carrying purposes. The range consists of a series of different cutaway models of drive system components. All components are industrially relevant and have been prepared such that individual active elements are clearly visible to the user. All mechanisms are hand-driven.
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The pressure profile is indicated by the different heights reached by the lubricant in the tubes. The unit is intended for use with the basic module 13 measuring points that open out into measuring tubes are distributed around the periphery of the bearing shell. The unit enables the pressure distribution in a plain bearing with hydrodynamic lubrication to be displayed. Due to the radially adjustable bearing housing, the width of the gap can be adjusted in 1/100mm steps using a micrometer.
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This instructional kit is used for demonstration and information purposes. The thread flanks are made visible by cut-outs. A thread gauge enables the thread type and size to be determined. The kit is clearly laid out on a plastic tray. No provision is made for conducting exercises or experiments. Various bolt and nut threads are included. The well-structured instructional material enhances the informational value of the kit.
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The cord is coupled to force measuring devices with a strain gauge via a tension spring. The unit is used in conjunction with the basic module for the experiments, cylindrical weights are placed on a horizontally rotating stainless steel disc. Using this experimental module, static friction and sliding friction, and the related friction vibrations and slip-stick effects can be clearly demonstrated. This is prevented from turning by a cord. An open container surrounds the friction disc. Different lubricants can be placed in this beaker.
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The programme of exercises enables familiarisation with six different drive implementation and analysis methods: understanding the brief and the drawing, assembly, setting, adjusting, testing, and making calculations. This laboratory system is used to introduce combined drives and their correct assembly. A robust tubular steel frame with a square profile and bearing elements provide the accuracy for the setting of precise gearing. The flexibility of the set-up and the modularity of the components simplifies experimentation and implementation of the students' own ideas. All the system components are kept ready to hand and well protected in a housing system.
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The experimental capability ranges from the measurement of friction torque under load, to determine the pressure distribution in a journal bearing, to plot a locus curve of a journal and to determine the bearing attitude for different conditions of load and speed. The behaviour of a classical journal bearing with hydrodynamic lubrication can be investigated with the apparatus. The radial load of max. 500N is adjusted manually with a hand wheel. The drive is an asynchronous motor with frequency converter. Five different journals are used to examine bearing clearance. X and Y positions are measured using inductive displacement sensors. All variables (speed, load, friction torque, oil supply pressure, oil peak pressure, oil temperature, X-displacement, Y-displacement) are indicated on 4-digit displays. The friction torque is measured by means of a lever arm equipped with an electronic force sensor.
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The planet gears are mounted on a planet carrier and engage positively in an internally toothed ring gear. Torque and power are distributed among several planet gears. The planetary gear is a special type of gear drive, in which the multiple planet gears revolve around a centrally arranged sun gear. Sun gear, planet carrier and ring gear may either be driving, driven or fixed. The trainer consists of two planet gear sets, each with three planet gears. The ring gear of the first stage is coupled to the planet carrier of the second stage. By fixing individual gears, it is possible to configure a total of four different transmission ratios. Planetary gears are used in automotive construction and shipbuilding, as well as for stationary use in turbines and general mechanical engineering. Unit allows the investigation of the dynamic behaviour of a two-stage planetary gear. The gear is accelerated via a cable drum and a variable set of weights. The set of weights is raised via a crank.
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The resulting deformation is recorded by a mechanical dial gauge, and is directly related to the bolt tension force generated. The bolt joint is tightened and slackened using a special torque wrench, which can be set sensitively with the aid of a threaded spindle. The main element of the unit is a slotted, elastically deformable steel block. By tightening the bolt joint, the slotted area is deformed, thereby generating an axial tension force in the bolt. By using an axial bearing, the head friction of the bolt can be largely excluded, so that only the friction of the threaded joint is measured.
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The mechanical functionality of all components is retained in full. Each of the cutaway models is securely mounted on a base plate to which handles are attached for carrying purposes. All mechanisms are hand-driven. The range consists of a series of different cutaway models of drive system components. All components are industrially relevant and have been prepared such that individual active elements are clearly visible to the user.
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The industrially-standard items are clearly laid out, screw-fitted into an aluminium panel. The symbols on the panel show the correct graphical representation as well as the DIN and standard designations of the items concerned. This instructional kit is used for demonstration and information purposes. No provision is made for conducting exercises or experiments. The kit is clearly laid out on a plastic tray. The well-structured instructional material enhances the informational value of the kit.
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The test force is displayed using a large dial gauge indicator. The elongation of the test specimen is recorded on a dial gauge. Students can develop skills in the carrying out of complex project work. The fully assembled system presents an actual fully functional materials tester which can be used for a wide range of materials testing. The test force is generated using a hand-operated hydraulic system. The skills acquired are the planning, execution and checking of assembly, commissioning, and maintenance operations. Is supplied in kit form. In the course of the project they independently develop an appreciation for the fundamentals and correlations involved, and then contribute to the overall outcome using team working skills. The kit contains all the mechanical components, measuring devices, hydraulic components complete with sealing elements, and piping material complete with all connecting elements.
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The two-stage gear unit kit contains all the parts required to construct the gear unit. All parts are clearly laid out and well protected in a sheet-steel tool box. Small parts are supplied in a box with a transparent lid. This assembly exercise permits wide-ranging and, above all, interdisciplinary work to be carried out by the students. It consists of a spur gear stage as its input, with a downstream worm gear stage (multistage gear combination). The fit seatings of the gear unit are designed to allow the complete assembly process to be carried out by hand. This, in conjunction with students working in an independent capacity, as well as developing team working skills, ensures that the unit serves as an excellent learning tool. The project unit is particularly well suited to action-based teaching.
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Cam mechanisms are used in many areas of technology, such as for valve control in combustion engines. The cam follower can work either as a roller tappet, cup tappet, or trailing lever. The stroke is measured using a mechanical position measurement gauge. A scaled disk indicates the associated angle of rotation. The well-structured instructional material sets out the fundamentals and provides a step-by-step guide through the experiments. The simple experimental set-up permits quick demonstration of the action principle, and can be used to demonstrate the influence of different cam shapes.
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The programme of exercises enables familiarisation with six different drive implementation and analysis methods: understanding the brief and the drawing, assembly, setting, adjusting, testing, and making calculations. This laboratory system is used to introduce combined drives and their correct assembly. The flexibility of the set-up and the modularity of the components simplifies experimentation and implementation of the students' own ideas. All the system components are kept ready to hand and well protected in a housing system. A robust tubular steel frame with a square profile and bearing elements provide the accuracy for the setting of precise gearing.
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The kit contains all the parts required to assemble a functional lever shears. The graphic symbolises standard and production parts, and represents fixed and moving connections differently. All parts are precision-manufactured on CNC machines and feature standard engineering tolerances and surface finishes. The parts are clearly laid out on a base plate. They are grouped into individual assembly sequences. The base plate is covered with a transparent cover panel on which a graphical representation of the assembly structure is printed. Multiple trays are stackable, providing for space-saving storage. The surfaces of the finished parts have a gunmetal finish to prevent corrosion.
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The components used are common in drive technology and therefore closely related to practice. A three-phase AC motor with variable speed via frequency converter serves as the drive unit. An electromagnetic brake is used as the brake unit. The unit is a complete test system with drive and brake unit and two different gears. Driving and braking power are calculated to determine the efficiencies. The constant braking effect can be very finely adjusted via the exciting current; it then serves as a tunable load. The properties of the magnetic particle brake can be investigated in an additional experiment. Motor and brake are mounted on pendulum bearings in order to determine the torques. The forces are measured by spring balances and lever arms. A two-stage spur gear and a worm gear are available to be studied. The characteristic properties of the gear are adapted to the performance of the motor. Flexible couplings connect the gear to the motor and the brake. The speed of the motor is detected contact-free by means of an inductive displacement sensor on the motor shaft.
Determination of torques on motor and brake via spring scales and lever arms
Three-phase AC motor with variable speed via frequency converter
Magnetic particle brake with adjustable braking torque via exciting current
Inductive speed sensor on the motor
Determination of mechanical efficiency in gears
Investigation on worm gear and 2-stage spur gear
Display of speed and exciting current.
The acquired data is processed by evaluation software on a PC. The data acquisition system significantly enhances the possibilities offered by the assembly project. The two systems together form a state-of-the-art materials tester with data acquisition, suitable for a wide range of experiments. The fully assembled presents a real, fully functional data acquisition system for the measurement of pressure (forces) on, and changes in length of, a test specimen. All the necessary tools and aids, as well as comprehensive instructional material, are included. The assembly process includes the basic mechanical construction and wiring as per the circuit diagram.
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The assembled element system - journal bearing or gear unit - is mounted on the test bed. Here, the complete system is properly assembled, with particular regard to the alignment of the system components. The units (shaft with journal bearings) and (combination gear units) are tested with unit. A successfully completed assembly project can then be examined in operation with a formal final test. Parameters examined during test procedure are; running noise, heat generation, vibration or leakage. The T-slots allow the installed length to be varied, and therefore can be easily adapted to the drive element. Two couplings connect the element system to the motor and the brake. Includes a single-phase asynchronous motor drive, a magnetic particle brake with adjustable braking torque, and a rigid machine bed with T-slots on which the motor and the drive element under test are mounted. The controls are on the switch box. The braking torque is set here using a potentiometer. The students must align the connections between the motor and the element system, and between the element system and the brake.
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A steel sphere is pressed against the underside of a driven glass disc. The light from a reflected light microscope passes through the glass disc and the film of oil at the point of contact, It is then reflected from the surface of the steel sphere. The set-up is operated together with the basic module. The microscope is fitted to an adjustable x-y slide and has a focus adjustment. The thickness of the film of lubricant is determined visually from the colours of the interference rings produced.
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This unit is used to study the dynamic behaviour in single-stage, two-stage and three-stage spur gears during transient operation. The trainer includes four parallel shafts, three drive wheels and three drive gears. Coupling pins can be used to couple the shafts such that different gear stages can be realised. Gears are employed as a link between drive machine and work machine. They are used to vary torque and speed and to change direction. The aim of dynamic gear analysis is an understanding of the motion sequences and the influence of inertia. A flywheel may be attached to each shaft in order to increase the rotational inertia. A clamping roller freewheel enables free further rotation after the weight has been released. A hand brake allows smooth deceleration. The gear is accelerated via a cable drum and a variable set of weights. The set of weights is raised via a crank. A ratchet prevents the weight from accidentally escaping. The transparent protective cover with safety lock prevents accidental contact with the rotating parts.
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The basic tribological phenomena of journal bearings can be investigated using this unit. A lever with a sliding weight attached to it is connected to the bearing housing. This enables an external moment to be set corresponding to the friction moment generated in the bearing. The journal bearing to be investigated consists of a stainless steel bearing journal and the free-moving gunmetal bearing housing. A three-phase ac motor with a frequency converter for speed control serves as the drive. Another lever, combined with a set of weights, applies the defined load to the bearing. It is possible to view the bearing journal and the lubrication gap through the transparent cover. The continuously adjustable speed, as well as the temperature of the lubricant, is indicated digitally on the control unit. Lubricant is supplied by a drip-feed lubricator that feeds oil to the shaft via two lubrication channels. A drip tray collects the oil that leaks out.
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Screw-locking devices are presented in the as-fitted position on an aluminium panel. A transparent multi-compartment storage tray holds large numbers of screw-locking devices. This instructional kit is used for demonstration and information purposes. The well-structured instructional material enhances the informational value of the kit. No provision is made for conducting exercises or experiments. The kit is clearly laid out on a plastic tray.
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The mechanical functionality of all components is retained in full. Each of the cutaway models is securely mounted on a base plate to which handles are attached for carrying purposes. The range consists of a series of different cutaway models of drive system components. All components are industrially relevant and have been prepared such that individual active elements are clearly visible to the user. All mechanisms are hand-driven.
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The flexibility of the set-up and the modularity of the components simplifies experimentation and implementation of the students' own ideas.A robust tubular steel frame with a square profile and bearing elements provide the accuracy for the setting of precise gearing. All the system components are kept ready to hand and well protected in a housing system.The multi-step and shift gears in are based on those of a conventional lathe. The step gear unit is very similar to the primary drive on a pillar drill.
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The programme of exercises enables familiarisation with six different drive implementation and analysis methods: understanding the brief and the drawing, assembly, setting, adjusting, testing, and making calculations. This laboratory system is used to introduce the basics of gearing and the correct method of assembling drive elements. A robust tubular steel frame with a square profile and bearing elements provide the accuracy for the setting of precise gearing. All the system components are kept ready to hand and well protected in a housing system. Offers three assembly kits in this product series, each focussing on different aspects. Each kit is used entirely independently of the other kits within the series. The flexibility of the set-up and the modularity of the components simplifies experimentation and implementation of the students' own ideas.
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The mechanical functionality of all components is retained in full. Each of the cutaway models is securely mounted on a base plate to which handles are attached for carrying purposes. The range consists of a series of different cutaway models of drive system components. All components are industrially relevant and have been prepared such that individual active elements are clearly visible to the user. All mechanisms are hand-driven.
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The kit presents various roller bearings. The bearings are selected for one size of shaft. The kit is clearly laid out on a plastic tray. This instructional kit is used for demonstration and information purposes. The well-structured instructional material enhances the informational value of the kit. No provision is made for conducting exercises or experiments.
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This benchtop unit is based on the vertical combination of a threaded spindle and a nut. A spring balance with a nylon cord enables a turning moment to be exercised on the spindle using a pulley. Additional weights can be placed on the rotating plate to change the axial load on the thread. It contains two spindles with trapezoid threads and varying lead. The unit is portable and is equipped with anti-slip feet to ensure that it remains stable. The painted metal base plate is fitted with clips for the individual parts. To match these spindles, three long nuts made of different materials with single lead, and a cast iron nut with a double lead are provided. The thread efficiency can be determined and compared using the measured values.
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The parts are clearly laid out on a base plate. All parts are precision-manufactured on CNC machines and feature standard engineering tolerances and surface finishes. The surfaces of the parts have a gunmetal finish to prevent corrosion. The kit contains all the parts required to assemble a functional lever press. Multiple trays are stackable, providing for space-saving storage. The kit is ideally deployed for student exercises during teaching, with two/three students able to work with each kit. As well as the primary technical drawing focus of the teaching, other topics that can be covered include machine elements, assembly processes, and manufacturing technology. The comprehensive and clearly structured instructional material is laid-out in line with modern principles, and is of great help with lesson preparation. The lever press model can be considered as a project enabling interdisciplinary, action-oriented teaching.
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The trainer covers a wide range of topics in mechanical vibration technology. Forced vibration is generated with an electrical motor-driven imbalance exciter. A mechanical drum and a polar diagram recorder record the vibration. The single parts are stored in the protective storage compartments of the laboratory trolley. A practice set for torsional vibrations is available as accessories. The exciter frequency can be set precisely on a control unit with digital display. An oil damper is used for vibration abatement. It is mounted on a sturdy, low-vibration frame which is installed on a laboratory trolley with braked wheels. Quick fastening elements for the formed grooves for quick and accurate experimental set-up. A bar-type oscillator that can be adjusted with weights is included for absorber experiments. Alternatively, measured values can be evaluated with the software for data acquisition. The sensor enables to measure electrically the amplitudes of various oscillators.
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An exploded-view of the jig is printed on the cover to illustrate the construction of the jig. A quarter segment has been cut out of the main body of the drilling jig. The basis for the course is a drilling jig which can be used to drill holes in a bearing cover. All drilling jig components are clearly laid out on a base plate. The cut-away quarter segment is also present on the base plate, enabling the difficult topic of sectional views to be illustrated. All parts are precision-manufactured on cnc machines and are therefore also suitable for measurement exercises. It can facilitate the drilling of the workpiece and other small parts. This enables demonstration of the terms 'section' and 'half section' as used in technical drawing. The comprehensive instructional material is laid-out in line with modern principles and provides effective assistance with lesson preparation. Optimal learning is established when groups of two or three students work on one model.
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The mechanical functionality of all components is retained in full. Each of the cutaway models is securely mounted on a base plate to which handles are attached for carrying purposes. The range consists of a series of different cutaway models of drive system components. All components are industrially relevant and have been prepared such that individual active elements are clearly visible to the user. All mechanisms are hand-driven.
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The mechanical functionality of all components is retained in full. Each of the cutaway models is securely mounted on a base plate to which handles are attached for carrying purposes. The range consists of a series of different cutaway models of drive system components. All components are industrially relevant and have been prepared such that individual active elements are clearly visible to the user. All mechanisms are hand-driven.
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A three-dimensional stand which consists of three Plexiglas planes has a receptacle for the precision-manufactured models. The associated view can be inserted on each plane of the stand, enabling a direct comparison between the workpiece and the drawing. One shape is made from Plexiglas in order to develop an understanding of invisible edges. The other shapes are made from aluminium. All parts are clearly laid out in a case. The model shapes are precision-manufactured, so measuring exercises can also be carried out. The three-dimensional display is an educational concept for beginners in technical drawing. The student must cut out and fold a template drawing to construct a model. The model set includes ten shapes, involving differing degrees of difficulty. Comprehensive and well structured instructional material makes the training system immediately usable in lessons. For optimal learning, it is recommended that students work independently from each other on these exercises. Two students can easily work with one model set.
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The bodies used in the experiments have strong steel hooks for attachment to the suspension cords. The length of the cords can be rapidly changed and securely fixed using clamping wheels. The model permits oscillations on pendulums with bifilar or trifilar suspension to be investigated. The beam can oscillate, by translation, in the plane of suspension like an ideal mathematical pendulum. The cylinder and the circular ring work as rotary pendulums. For this purpose a bar, a cylinder, or a hollow cylinder made of galvanised steel can be hung from a wall mounted carrier plate made of aluminium and placed in oscillation.
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A flywheel mounted in ball bearings is placed in motion by a weight attached to a pulley. The inertia of the flywheel can be determined from the fall time of the weight. Using the basic experiments on uniformly accelerated angular motion can be performed. The unit is intended for wall mounting. Due to the clear, robust construction the unit is excellently suited to student experiments.
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The rotor is held on the base frame with pivoting bearings. The weights and bearings can be placed at any location along the shaft and attached securely with quick-acting clamps. This benchtop unit is used to show the resonance and critical bending speed on rotating shafts. The construction of the rotor of a thin, flexible shaft and rigid weights facilitates the theoretical comprehension. It is possible to switch speeds during the experiment as desired. A transparent protective hood covers the rotating parts. A set of electrical vibration sensors with clamping set is also available. It is driven by a flexible coupling. Two motor speeds can be fine-adjusted and preset with ten-speed potentiometers. They are controlled electronically and displayed digitally.
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This benchtop unit is used to demonstrate the principle of operation of various centrifugal force governors. The centrifugal masses and sleeve forces can be varied using the accessories included. The stroke can be measured using the marks on the governor shaft. When in operation, a transparent protective lid covers the rotating centrifugal governor. The drive with an electronically regulated motor is fitted in the housing. The speed is continuously adjusted using a 10-turn potentiometer and displayed digitally. The governor is placed in a chuck on the drive. The unit can only be placed in operation if the lid is correctly fitted. It only requires a supply of power. The unit is simply placed on a table in the laboratory for operation.
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An elastic, vibration insulating installation of the machine avoids the transmission of harmful vibrations to the surroundings. The can be used to investigate the problems of foundations and vibration isolation using a practical example. This is installed on a foundation using springs and dampers. The foundation represents the surroundings and can be used to measure the effectiveness of the vibration isolation. An indispensible element of machine design is targeted reduction of vibrations. To do this, vibrations are generated and measured on a foundation. Springs are then used to try out different tunings and vibration absorbers are used to investigate absorption effects. This double vibration isolation, combined with the high fixed weight of the frame, guarantees vibration-free laboratory operation, even under unfavourable experimental conditions. Additional helical springs connect the foundation to the actual frame of the trainer.
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An anodised aluminium disc used as crank is mounted on ball bearings on a white plate. This disc has a pointer so that the input angle can be exactly read on the integrated angle measuring scale. The crank pin can be set at different radii on the disc. The experimental unit is used to generate and investigate pure harmonic reciprocating motion. The slider crank is attached to the crank pin on one side. The model is equipped with plastic feet and is placed on the laboratory table for the experiment. Two handles make the unit easier to carry. On the other side the pin is mounted in straight guide that is fitted with a ruler to allow the output stroke to be read off with precision.
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This apparatus enables experiments to be performed on rotational motion in general. The arrangement is fitted to a low friction ball bearing mounted rotating drum. The system is accelerated by a metal weight attached to a cord wrapped around the drum. Weights can be fitted to a rotating rod at marked distances from the centre. A dumb bell-shaped arrangement is thus created; the inertia properties of this arrangement can be changed easily and recalculated. The experiment is set up quickly using table clamps and stands; it is ideally suited to group work for 2-3 persons. The time taken for the weight to fall is measured using a stopwatch, the moment of inertia of the object can then be determined.
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The bending can be mounted vertically (standing or hanging) or horizontally into the frame by varying the free clamping length or moving additional weights, the natural frequency of the bar is changed. The additionally required sensor supply module processes the signal for its display on an oscilloscope (not supplied). The bar is deflected manually to start damped vibrations. A non-contact position sensor measures the corresponding amplitudes.
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The unit consists of a metal base plate with a fixed axle and a rail made of steel. Two further axles can be clamped to the rail in any position. This benchtop unit conveys the relationship between the number of gear teeth on spur gears and the transmission ratio of gear trains. In this way it is is possible to construct one and two stage gear trains with any combination of gears. Drive pins couple the gears. Four plastic gears are included with the unit. A plastic box is used to store the parts not in use. By undoing a locking pin, the rail can be swivelled around the fixed axis providing a demonstration of planet gear trains.
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The unit includes a metal bar with additional sliding weights as a rigid pendulum. The suspension point can be adjusted at the knife edge bearing of the pendulum. The length of the thread pendulum included can be easily varied using a clamping device. The model is used to investigate the oscillation of pendulums. During this process a physical pendulum is compared with a mathematical pendulum. The model is suitable for student experiments. The components of the experiment are attached to a base plate intended for wall mounting.
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An oil damper makes it possible to reduce the amplitude. The components are straightforwardly and accurately placed in slots of the frame on the vibration system. The experimental set includes three different torsion bars and two different mass discs.
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Features:
Elastic torsion of round bars under torque Influence of material, cross-section and clamping length on deformation
Elastic deformation of statically determinate or indeterminate beams under bending load.
The model consists of two hooke's couplings that are connected by a split intermediate shaft. The deflection angle of both joints can be set individually and read on the scales. Drive is achieved by turning a hand wheel. On the drive and power take-off sides there are further angle measuring scales made of transparent plastic with which the difference between the angles of the shafts can be determined. The table model demonstrates the transmission of angular motion to joint shafts, the related gimbal error and how this error can be rectified using hooke's couplings.
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The input angle is set on a ball bearing mounted crank disc made of anodised aluminium and read off on an angle measuring scale integrated into the base plate. A millimetre scale is fitted for the outlet stroke. The crank radius can be adjusted in three positions.
The simple insertion of a bolt enables the swivelling cylinder to be locked, thus a crank drive with either a fixed or oscillating cylinder can be demonstrated.
This experimental unit demonstrates the conversion of smooth rotary motion into reciprocating motion.
The components are attached to a solid, painted base plate. Two handles make the unit easier to carry.
Learning Objectives / Experiments:
Comparison between calculated and measured values of the supporting cable force
Observation of the effect of internal moments in the roadway under uneven load
Load distribution between roadway support and supporting cable
Familiarisation with a suspension bridge
Uder dead-weight
Uder unevenly distributed point loads
Uder additional load
Uder evenly distributed load
Calculation of the supporting cable force.
The model is intended for wall mounting. The well-structured instructional material sets out the fundamentals and provides a step-by-step guide through the experiments. With straightforward experiments, the torque conversion in gear wheel pairs and the efficiency of a gear unit are investigated. The mechanism demonstrates the relationship between the ratio of the number of teeth on spur gears and the transmission ratio of gears.
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A solid frame made of anodised aluminium section forms the base for the unit. The bearings for the pulleys and gears are attached to the t-slots in the profile using clamping levers. This apparatus is used to demonstrate belt drives, wheel and disk drives, and gear trains. Basic terminology and relationships, e.g. the transmission ratio, direction of rotation reversal, reference circle and modulus, the function of intermediate gears, and so on can be clearly demonstrated. The size of the unit ensures that the experiment is clearly visible even for larger groups of students. These are easy to release and can be slid horizontally making a wide range of different set-ups possible. All experiments are carried out using manual power.
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Frequency of oscillation of different rods supported by the pulleys enables the coefficient of friction to be determined
Set of 5 rods and tubes in mild steel, brass and aluminium alloy.
Self-contained, bench-mounted apparatus, to measure slipping friction in an oscillating system.
Two contra-rotating `V` pulleys of variable centres distance driven by a variable speed motor.
Stop watch provided
Variables to include weight of specimens.
The wall mounted apparatus consists of a pulley, 3 belts and 2 load hangers. Pulley graduated in 15 degree intervals.
The aluminum alloy pulley of approx. 150mm diameter has machined grooves to suit the three belts.
Observes the relationship between the tensions in the two sides of a belt; assesses the differences between vee, rope and flat belts; determines coefficient of friction between pulley and the three belt sections; investigate the effect of angle of lap.
The three belts are vee, rope and flat.
Set of weights
An Instruction manual for student and lecturer provided.
The wall mounted apparatus consists of a rotating circular table on a vertical shaft, with a variety of interchangeable end pivots and seating.
End pivots in brass and steel seating have inclusive core angles of 60, 90, 120 and 180 (flat) degrees; additionally a ball thrust bearing may be installed.
Demonstrates the relationship between friction torque and axial thrust; determines the influence of bearing cone angle.
Pivots brass, and the seating mild steel.
Pure torque applied by loading cords and weight hangers acting over pulleys onto the rotating table.
An Instruction manual for student and lecturer supplied.
Thrust loads applied directly onto the rotating table.
Set of weights.
The wall mounted apparatus consists of a fixed pulley, a second interchangeable pulley and a loaded rope belt with 2 load hangers in a complete loop.
Four pulleys with vee grooves typically of 60, 90, 120 degrees and flat rim supplied.
Determination of the coefficient of friction between a steel pulley and cotton rope; investigate belt tensions; evaluate effects of different `V` angles in the pulley, and of different lap angles.
An Instruction manual for student and lecturer provided.
Alternative mounting positions provided to vary the lap angle.
Set of weights.
2 supports with clamp fixing, optionally as articulated support with measurement of angle of inclination or clamp fixing
Articulated support with force measurement dial gauge
Loads to subject the beam to point loads or moment
Loads to determine the clamping moments on the supports with clamp fixings
Device to generate a bending moment
Comparison of different methods to determine the elastic line
Statically determinate or indeterminate beam
Dial gauge with generation of moment to measure the angle of inclination
Dial gauge to record the deformations of the beam
Experimental setup in frame
Storage system to house the components.
2 dial gauges with bracket to record the horizontal and vertical deformation of the beam under load
Storage system to house the components
Experimental unit for general and unsymmetrical bending of straight beams
3 beams: i, l and u profiles
Clamping flange of beam can be clamped in the pillar free to rotate in any direction
Clamping flange with angle scale to indicate the angular position of the beam
Eccentricity of load application point adjustable.
Loading of test bars with weights
Test bars cannot be overloaded
White backing wall with grid patterning
Demonstration of elastic buckling
4 steel test bars
Representation of all cases of euler buckling
Storage system to house the components
Investigation Of The Buckling Load Under Different Conditions (Elastic Joint, Elastic Fixed End)
Two-Part Buckling Bar With Central Joint
Storage System To House The Components
Experimental setup in frame
Various Degrees Of Clamping Via Leaf Spring With Variable Length On Bottom Support
Thrust Pad Guided Friction-Free Inside Spherical Shell
Low-Friction Joints With Roller Bearings
Loading Infinitely Variable With Lever And Set Of Weights
Determination Of Loading Via Scale On Load Application Lever
Device To Generate Shear Forces.
Statically determinate or statically indeterminate bearing support possible
1 long and 1 short clamping pillar
Roller bearing for statically indeterminate support
Investigation of the deformation of steel frames under load
U-shaped and s-shaped frame
Dial gauges record the deformation of the investigated frame under load
Storage system to house the components
Loading of the frame by weights
2 sets of weights with a movable hook to adjust to any load application point
Experimental setup in frame.
Interchangeable bearing bushes permit simulation of bearing clearance
Springs simulate gas pressure forces
Can be used together with gear damage accessory set
Investigation of the vibrations of crank drives
Crank drive with adjustable stroke
Stackable storage system to house the components
Accessory set for machinery diagnostic training system.
All filters with 360° angle scale and marking of the main optical axis
White light generated using a fluorescent tube and two incandescent lamps
Monochromatic light (colour yellow) generated using a sodium vapour lamp
Generation of compression or tension forces by means of a threaded spindle
Representation of mechanical distribution of stress in photoelastic experiments
2 plane polarisation filters as polariser and analyser
2 quarter wave filters to generate circular polarised light
Filters roller bearing mounted and rotating
Frame cross-arms height-adjustable
Complete models in polycarbonate (PC) for demonstration purposes available as accessories.
Articulated support with force measurement dial gauge
Device to generate a bending moment
2 supports with clamp fixing, optionally as articulated support with measurement of angle of inclination or clamp fixing
Comparison of different methods to determine the elastic line
Statically determinate or indeterminate beam
Dial gauge with generation of moment to measure the angle of inclination
Dial gauge to record the deformations of the beam
Loads to subject the beam to point loads or moment
Storage system to house the components
Loads to determine the clamping moments on the supports with clamp fixings
Experimental setup in frame.
Power display on display and control unit of base
Asynchronous motor with adjustable gap
Asymmetric magnetic field by winding with shut-off facility
Investigation of vibration behaviour of an electric motor
Variable speed via frequency converter of base unit
Speed display on display and control unit of base
Stackable storage system to house the components
Eccentricity of armature adjustable via position of bearing cover
Accessory set for machinery diagnostic training system.
Technical Data:
Deformation
Measuring range: 0...10mm
Graduations: 0,01mm
Set of weights to place load on specimens
1x 2N (hanger), 1x 1N, 1x 2N, 1x 4N, 2x 8N
Set of weights to compensate for the load and the loading plate
1x1n, 2x2n, 1x4n, 2x8n
Lever arm: 100mm
Specimens
Length: 49mm
Clamping length: 11,5mm
Specimen diameter in measurement
Cross-section: d=4mm.
Photoelastic experiments with an overhead polariscope
All filters rotatable in any direction on the horizontal plane
Plane or circular polarised light possible
Green filter for monochromatic light
Polariser and analyser each comprising a polarisation filter and quarter wave filter
Filter enclosed, with stress-free glazing
8 different polycarbonate (pc) models supplied
Load application device with force gauge for compressive and tensile loading
Storage system to house the components.
2-channel measuring amplifier with adjustable gain
Analysis software programmed
Software features: 2-channel oscilloscope;
Computerised vibration analyser for representation and evaluation of experiments with the "Machinery diagnosis" series.
Optical sensor to record rotation speed
2-channel FFT analyser; envelope analysis; run-up curve and order analysis; 2-plane field balancing
2 acceleration sensors to record vibration displacement, vibration velocity and acceleration
2 displacement sensors can be connected
Suitable for general vibration measurement tasks
Connection to PC via USB
Stackable storage system to house the components.
Investigation and testing of all relevant buckling cases
Test bars in various lengths and materials
Force measurement using a hydraulic load cell
Measurement of lateral deflection by dial gauge
Test bar ends pinned or fixed
Spindle to apply forces
Verification of the euler theory of buckling
Experiments in horizontal or vertical orientation
Transverse load application device generates shear forces
Storage system to house the components
Additional experiments with supplementary set.
Investigation of the deflection and strain of a thin disc under internal pressure
Dial gauge with scale, adjustable mounting
Measurement of deflection possible at any radius
Strain gauge configured as half-bridge
Strain gauges measure the radial and hoop strain
Hydraulic cylinder with hydraulic pump to generate pressure
Hermetically sealed hydraulic system, maintenance-free
Multi-pin connector for measuring amplifier provided.
Elastic lines of statically determinate and indeterminate beams under various clamping conditions
Loads with adjustable hooks
Anodised aluminium section frame housing the experiment
3 articulated, height-adjustable supports with force gauge
1 support with clamp fixing
3 steel beams with different cross-sections
1 brass and 1 aluminium beam
Force gauges can be zeroed
3 dial gauges to record deformations
Storage system to house the components.
Strain gauges with single measuring grids, parallel measuring grids and measuring grids at 90° / 45° angles
Strain gauges for steel or aluminum components
Learning package with text book, exercise script and video
Complete set of components for application of strain gauges
All necessary tools, adhesives and other aids included in the set
Lockable carrying case.
Elastic torsion of bars
4 bars: round bar with full cross-section, tube, longitudinally slotted tube, square tube
Application of load to the bar by a mass disc, a deflection roller and loads
Storage system to house the components
2 movable bearing blocks with clamping chuck for mounting of bars, 1 fixed and 1 movable bearing
2 movable angle indicators clampable to the bar
Experimental setup in frame.
Experimental unit for testing metal torsion test bars under load until fracture
Strain Gauge Measuring Shaft With Compensation For Own Deformation
Measurement Of Angle Of Twist Using Incremental Encoder
Measuring Device Slidable To Fit Various Specimen Lengths
Test Torque Measuring Using Strain Gauge Measuring Shaft And Measuring Amplifier
Electronic Measuring Amplifier With Touch Panel To Display Torque And Angle Of Twist
Specimen holders: 2x 17mm hex socket
Test Torque Manually Applied Using Handwheel And Worm Gear
Definition Of Input Angle Via Hand Wheel.
Test specimens made of electrical grade copper
Shearing anvil and tension lug made of hardened steel
Supplementary experiment for the universal material tester for shear loading bolts
Double shear method avoids misleading bending stresses.
Generation of test force via gear pump and doubleacting hydraulic cylinder
Force measurement via full bridge strain gauges with acoustic overload signal, max. Overload 150%
Universal, hydraulically operated trainer for materials testing
Generating compression and tensile forces
Test force and travel velocity adjustable
Led displays for force and displacement with zero and maximum value memory
Displacement measurement via linear potentiometer.
Frame corners formed by joints rigid to bending, each with 9 high-strength bolts
Installation on four adjustable vibration damping bearings
Large loading frame for experiments on construction components from steelwork and civil engineering using bending, tensile and compression forces
Constructed from U 400 steel profiles
Width between frame levels 635mm
Frame opening w x h 4100x1700mm
Test force in central position max. 300kN
Test force off-centre max. 2x200kN
Frame for mounting of experiments in statics, strength of materials and dynamics.
Stable on laboratory desktops or workbenches.
Frame supplied disassembled.
Sturdy sectional steel double frame, welded.
Easy, exact mounting of all components by precision clamp fixings.
Investigation of two statically determinate three-hinged arches.
Arch subjected to point load, distributed load each by weights or moving load.
Four sets of weights to compensate for the support reactions of an abutment hinge.
Hinged arch with three hinges: one crown hinge, two abutment hinges at the bearing points.
Three arch segments: 2x long (together making a symmetrical arch), 1x short (together with 1x long: unsymmetrical arch)
Experimental set-up in frame.
Storage system to house the components.
Dial gauges record the deformation of the arch under load
Four sets of weights to compensate for the reactions of a fixed support
Loading of the arch with a distributed load by way of 7 evenly distributed weights or by point loads
Investigation of a parabolic arch, optionally statically determinate 1 fixed support, 1 movable support or indeterminate two fixed supports.
Experimental set-up in frame.
Storage system to house the components.
Hinge in roadway indicates internal moments of roadway under uneven loading.
Four graduated weight sets to measure the cable force in both supporting cables.
Two supports with force gauge for the roadway.
Investigation of a suspension bridge in various load cases.
Hangers vertical supporting cables in the form of U-shaped shackles in graduated lengths.
Two-section roadway with central hinge.
Roadway can be loaded by additional weights.
Suspension bridge with two supporting cables and roadway.
Experimental set-up in frame.
Supporting cables with parabolic sag.
Storage system to house the components.
Indication of bending moment in beam by low-friction hinge with one degree of freedom.
Investigation of bending moment on beam mounted on two supports.
Force gauge and lever arm to indicate bending moment.
Adjuster nut for horizontal alignment of beam.
Position of hinge at 1/3 span.
Two bearing supports.
Loading of beam by one to three point loads.
Storage system to house the components.
Measurement of shear force in beam by low-friction hinge with one degree of freedom.
Investigation of shear force on beam mounted on two supports.
Position of hinge at 1/3 span.
Loading of beam by one to three point loads.
Two bearing supports.
Force gauge to indicate shear force.
Adjuster nut for horizontal alignment of beam.
Storage system to house the components.
Beam subjected to moving load or loaded down by single weights.
Gerber beam comprising two cantilever beams and one suspended beam.
Suspended beam mounted by articulated supports on cantilever beams.
Investigation of the lines of influence in a statically determinate Gerber beam under different loading.
Four movable supports with force gauge.
Experimental set-up in frame.
Storage system to house the components.
Height of a chain wheel adjustable for unsymmetrical experimental set up.
Cross-arm with scale to hold chain wheels and rule to measure vertical sag of chain.
Graduated weight sets.
Determination of the catenary of a free hanging cable.
Adjustable chain wheel axle spacing.
Storage system to house the components.
Experimental set up in frame.
Symmetrical and unsymmetrical experimental set-up possible.
Roller chain as cable with 2 ball bearing-mounted chain wheels.
Three different bearing materials for sliding bearing shells
Stainless steel shaft
Drive by cable drum and weight set.
Base plate of anodised aluminium.
Experiment in sliding bearing friction with various material pairings and comparison with rolling bearings
Box to house the components.
Flywheel of galvanised steel.
Experiments in rotational dynamics possible.
Straight and inclined loading possible.
Strain gauge to measure force on each bar.
Investigation of bar forces in statically over determinate trusses.
Surplus bar, longitudinally adjustable.
Measurement amplifier required.
Storage system to house the components.
Experimental set-up in frame.
Software to evaluate measurement data.
Influence of dead-weight minimised by horizontal experiment layout.
Investigation of bar forces in a single plane, statically determinate truss.
Ready assembled Warren truss beam.
Pre-balanced strain gauge connection box.
Supplementary set for the main unit.
Any straight and inclined load cases possible.
Inclined plane with plastic coating, drag link with angle scale and ball bearing-mounted deflection roller.
Angle of plane adjustable.
Box to house the components.
Graduated weight set.
Experiment relating to friction on the inclined plane.
Two samples: 1x steel / polypropylene, 1x aluminium / brass.
Investigation of bar forces in statically over determinate trusses
Strain gauge to measure force on each bar
Measurement amplifier required
Surplus bar, longitudinally adjustable
Straight and inclined loading possible
Software to evaluate measurement data
Experimental set-up in frame.
Storage system to house the components.
Measurement of shear force and bending moment in beam by low-friction hinge with two degrees of freedom
Determination of shear force and bending moment on beam mounted on two supports
Force gauges to indicate shear force and determine bending moment
Bending moment determined by force measurement and lever arm
Position of hinge at 1/3 span
Two bearing supports
Loading of beam by one to three point loads
Steel rule to determine positions of point loads
Adjuster nuts for horizontal alignment of beam
Storage system to house the components.
Panel with imprinted 50mm line grid and facility to write on using erasable marker.
Lever rods with 50mm grid.
Experimental setup to demonstrate simple, planar force systems.
Panel for easy mounting of various experimental components.
Force gauges for tensile and compressive forces, with large-format display.
Transparent dial on force gauge rotatable.
Wide range of mountings: cables, rods, pulleys, torque discs, pivot bearings and the like.
Three weight sets, each with Four weights.
Tray for the components.
Ball bearing-mounted beam with integrated scale as two-arm lever.
Investigation of the equilibrium of moments on a two-arm lever.
Sturdy metal frame.
Box to house the components.
Three sets of weights.
Tensile and compressive forces in a planar central force system based on the example of a crane jib.
Various jib forms possible.
Loading with weights set, up to 50N.
Steel weights, surfaces galvanised.
Handles to aid transportation.
Stainless steel retaining bar.
Integrated spring balances in the bars.
Max. load on crane jib 50N.
Sturdy metal frame.
Box to house the components.
Force gauge overload-proof, with clearly legible transparent dial.
Two friction bodies each with two different surfaces.
Two supporting friction surfaces with a total of three different surfaces.
Two cable drum driving speeds.
Fundamentals of mechanical friction.
Friction body and force gauge stationary, supporting friction surface motor driven.
Box to house the components.
Three support friction surfaces with a total of four different surfaces
Carriage driven by cable pulley and motor
Mechanical friction between two solid bodies
Friction body stationary, support friction surface in a moving carriage
Two driving speeds via a graduated cable drum
Force measuring unit: force gauge and adjustable air damper
Force measuring unit height-adjustable
Adjustable air damper - with damping: Measurement of a mean friction force adjusted by disturbances, without damping: Slip/stick effects measurable
Two friction bodies each with two different surfaces
Lines of action of friction force and tensile force always parallel
Box to house the components.
Two fixed bar lengths, 1 variable bar length
Five different angles adjustable between bars
Three node discs, Two of which serving as supports
Resolution of forces in a single plane, statically determinate system
Three bars, each fitted with a leaf spring element and dial gauge
Box to house the components.
Investigation of the static principle of freeing.
Two reactions (1x pin joined, 1x free).
Three deflection rollers.
Full compensation for the reactions by cable forces.
Movable clamped weight.
Steel rule with millimetre scale.
Experimental set-up in frame.
Storage system to house the components.
Friction body which can be set up to give 3 different surface options
Experiments relating to Hooke's Law, friction and the inclined plane
Rail from forming the inclined plane
Steel helical spring
Supplementary set for experimental unit.
Box to house the components.
