This Hydraulic Applied Studies Apparatus additionally incorporates hydrology and related device commonly determined by physical geology and natural science offices. High limit water powered gear support is offered in Hydraulic Applied Studies Apparatus utilizing circuit choice innovations with a controlled check valve related with a pressure driven control. Provided scope of Hydraulic Applied Studies Apparatus expands upon understudies' learning of the essentials and gives a down to earth comprehension of mechanical ideas including pump and turbine testing, frictional misfortunes in genuine systems and fluid conduct in channels and flumes. Different strategies for stream estimation are secured including the variable region rotameter, venturi, hole plate as well as pitot static tube. Our device empowers understudies to examine course through smooth and roughened pipes under laminar or turbulent stream conditions and furthermore move through fittings and valves Ministerial Tender Board Lab Equipment India, Ministry of School Education Lab, Vocational Training Lab Tenders Suppliers India
The unit is designed to sit within the work area of Hydraulics bench and Hydrostatics bench. The unit is provided with four adjustable feet to set it level. The Hele Shaw unit comprises of a robust aluminium base plate, onto which is mounted a glass facia plate. Water is let in through the inlet tap, and wells evenly into the gap. As the water passes towards the outlet it passes over a row of small dye inlet holes, from which dye streams can be produced. The rate of flow of dye is controlled by the height of the dye header tank. The plate is clamped onto its seal by a number of wing nuts. The gap between the glass and base is constant. The rubber inserts are trapped between the glass and base. The well and sink arrangements are controlled by four small taps on each side of the apparatus, to provide a sink, source or doublet in any combination.
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The Water Pumps Assembly Testing Bench teaching unit is a modular group designed to perform complete functional tests on a series of 4 water pumps. Each pump is taken into consideration individually and with it the following characteristic data can be obtained:
Suction pressure
Power consumption
Delivery pressure
Speed
Flow rate
This channel is mounted on to the manual jacking system, which provides positive step adjustment, via a hand wheel, withslope 0 to 10.The unit is supplied with manuals that describe each component of the system, installation and utilization procedures andgive many exercises. The channel sides are transparent in order that bed profile changes can be readily observed, and a section of one side is provided with graphical grid. The Sediment Transport Visualization Channel is designed to perform most of the experiments anddemonstrations usually undertaken in much larger laboratory flumes, but at much lower cost and without the need fortechnician back-up. The channel slope is adjusted by means of a screw jack to which isattached a slope indicator. Sand is placed along the channel bed, between the inlet tank and the over fall discharge weir. Water is circulated around the system at a selected flow rate.
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The unit is supplied with manuals that describe each component of the system, installation and utilization procedures. The Hydrogen Bubble Flow Visualisation System is a bench top apparatus allowing thestudents to observe the flow patterns associated with water streams in presence of obstacles. A low voltage light source makes it possible the flow visualization studies. Small hydrogen bubbles are generated by an interchangeable platinum wire cathode and following the water stream show its direction and its behaviour in presence of objects.
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The group is supplied with manuals which describe all parts of the Adjustable Section Channel unit, the installation and utilisation procedures, as well as many exercises with the relative results. The Adjustable Section Channel allows to show experimentally several fundamental fluid-dynamic aspects. Indeed, the unit allows to visualise some physical phenomena: the water current flow in an open channel, in an enclosed duct (just placing a covering to turn the channel into a duct) or in the presence of an obstacle (three different types of weirs are supplied). Besides it allows to introduce some concepts such as the Bernoullis theorem, the energy equation and the concept of channel critical depth.
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Special explanatory technical plates show each sectioned component explaining its operation with notes, drawings and technical data. The Set Of Sectioned Components For Hydraulic Plants includes some of the most important components, used in waterworks, such as pumps, valves, gauges. The use of contrasting colours according to a pre-established code simplifies the informative process as well as the learning one. In sectionizing each component the best care has been taken to evidence all the interesting constructive detailed features.
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Special explanatory technical plates show each sectioned component explaining its operation with notes, drawings and technical data. The Set Of Sectioned Components For Liquid Pumping includes some of the most important components, used in water works, for fluid pumping, that is pumps of different types. The use of contrasting colours according to a pre-established code simplifies the informative process as well as the learning one. In sectionizing each component the best care has been taken to evidence all the interesting constructive detailed features.
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The unit is perfectly self-sufficient, takes up little space and can be easily moved. The hydraulic circuit essentially consists of a high-head centrifugal pump, a flow meter, two pressure gauges theturbine with the transparent end shield, a supply tank and the connecting pipes. An electrically operated centrifugal pump transfers the water under pressure from the main tank to the turbine, simulating thehigh drop and low flowrate conditions as are typical of Pelton turbines. Pelton Turbine Study Unit study unit has been designed for a complete range of tests on Pelton type hydraulic turbines. The purpose of the system is to enable the students to work out the power and torque curves of a Pelton turbine. Next to the nozzle control hand-wheel there is aprofile reproducing the nozzle and the distributor needle on a 1 to 1 scale. A nozzle and a Double needle with hand-wheel control permit the fine adjustment of the turbine supply flow, whilst a jetdiverter makes it possible to prevent exceedingly high runaway velocities.
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The Kaplan Turbine Study Unit is fitted with a special VISIFLOW version turbine featuring a number of transparent parts which make it possibleto see very clearly the hydrodynamic phenomena taking place inside it. The unit is supplied with manuals which describe all parts of the trainer, the installation and utilisation procedures, as well as many exercises with the relative results. Kaplan Turbine Study Unit has been designed for a complete range of tests on Kaplan type hydraulic turbines.The unit is perfectly self-sufficient, takes up little space and can be easily moved. The system is equipped with two regulation systems: the first allows to adjust the incidence of guide blades during turbine operation by means of an opening control hand wheel, the second allows to adjust the inclination of the impeller blades, by means of an external hand wheel too.
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The unit is supplied with manuals which describe all parts of the trainer, the installation and utilisation procedures, as well as many exercises with the relative results. The self-sufficient unit is composed of a reversible type reaction hydraulic machine. A dynamometric brake motor dynamometer allows to determine all the relevant characteristics of the machine. By reversing the flow, the machine can operate both as an axial pump and as a Kaplan turbine.
The Reversible Flow Axial Pump Kaplan Turbine Study Unit is available in two versions:
Computerized version unit
Basic unit in manual version.
Experiments of Oil Pumps Assembly Testing Bench
Comparative analysis of pump operation for different values of speed, flow, pressure, head, intake, generated hydraulic power, absorbed mechanical and electric power.
Forced generation and visualization of cavitation phenomena
Determination of pump hydraulic characteristics
Efficiency calculation.
The Oil Pumps Assembly Testing Bench teaching unit is a modular group designed to perform complete functional tests on a series of 4 oil pumps of industrial type. Each pump is taken into consideration individually and with it the following characteristic data can be obtained:
Suction pressure
Power consumption
Speed
Delivery pressure
Flow rate.
Equipped with all the instruments and controls necessary for testing, it requires only to be connected to electrical supply and filled with clean water. The trolley-mounted self-sufficient unit has been designed to study the features of centrifugal pumps.
The group is supplied with manuals which describe all parts of the unit, the installation and utilisation procedures, as well as many exercises with the relative results.
The Centrifugal Pumps Study Unit is supplied in four different versions, the first two of which allow also for series-parallel tests:
One pump with a.c. motor
One pump with d.c. motor
Two pumps with 2-speed a.c. motors
Two pumps with one 2-speed a.c. motor and one d.c. motor
A throttle valve makes it possible to regulate the water flow rate. A series of park-away threaded holes along the bottom of the channel (spaced 250 mm apart) allows to fit the optional models. A guide is assembled on the sides of the channel to carry the accessories and the instruments necessary for the tests. The bottom of the channel can be tilted by up to 1.5 degrees, so as to simulate the normal inclinations of the real channels; it is also possible to obtain a slight negative slope. The centrifugal pump draws the water from the collection tank and transfers it to the still tank, where a manually operated vertical gate, which is assembled before the testing section, allows to vary the height of the hydraulic load. The unit is supplied with manuals that describe each component of the system, installation and utilization procedures, and gives many exercises.
The series of channels has been designed by to study the hydrodynamic phenomena of the open surface streams in variable inclination channels. The following versions are available:
Open Surface Tilting Flow Channel 5 m long
Open Surface Tilting Flow Channel 3 m long
The Pump And Hydraulic Turbine Study Unit allows to carry out a wide range of hydraulic experiences.
The plant allows to perform experiments on turbine by turbine. The group is supplied with manuals which describe all parts of the Pump And Hydraulic Turbine Study Unit, the installation and utilisation procedures, aswell as many exercises with the relative results. It allows to test a centrifugal pump and to study the typical parameters of action and reaction turbines. The plant needs a little periodic maintenance. The measurements, which can be performed by varying the operation conditions, can be easily compared with data resulting from the theory.
The Diaphragm And Piston Pumps Test Unit is completely self-sufficient and it is fitted with a wheeled frame the working liquid is the water. The reciprocating pumps fitted with the bench are micro metrically regulated by the piston upstroke this allows to change the volume of the pumping chamber and consequently to modify the delivered capacity without reducing the delivery pressure.
The group is supplied with manuals which describe all parts of the Diaphragm And Piston Pumps Test Unit, the installation and utilisation procedures, aswell as many exercises with the relative results. The Diaphragm And Piston Pumps Study unit allows the student to understand and to experiment the reciprocating pumps running.
The group is supplied with manuals which describe all parts of the Gear Pumps Study Unit the installation and utilisation procedures, aswell as many exercises with relative resultsThe gear pump mounted onto the bench is characterized by the possibility of regulating the delivered flow rate, keepingconstant the delivery pressure, changing the rotation speed of the operation electrical motor. The gear pump study unit allows the student to understand and to experiment the oil gear pumps running.
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The measurements, which can be performed varying the operation conditions, can be easily compared with data resulting from the theory. The educational Mini-Pelton action turbine allows to study the typical parameters of action turbines. The group is supplied with manuals which describe all parts of the Pelton Turbine Study Unit Bench Top Model unit, the installation and utilisation procedures, aswell as many exercises with the relative results. The plant is easy to control and needs a little periodic maintenance.
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The Head Loss Study Unit is fitted with contraction devices for the determination of flow-rate, a Pitot tube to measure the velocity of the fluid flow, and one manometers to measure pressure differences. The Head Loss Study Unit combines all the elements necessary to conduct extensive studies on head losses in pipes and valves.It is easy to handle and has different test shapes and valves of different kinds. The measures can be made in different operating conditions and the values obtained can be easily compared with theoretical results.
The training unit is supplied in two versions:
Fed from water network
Self-sufficient
The apparatus consists of a hydraulic feed bench on which some instruments in series are tested and it allows themeasuring of the same flow rate verifying in this way, the imprecision degree of flow rate measuring methods. The Apparatus For Flow Rate Measurements has been designed to allow the comparison betweendifferent methods of flow rate measurements. The group is supplied with manuals which describe all parts of the Apparatus For Flow Rate Measurements unit, the installation and utilisation procedures, aswell as many exercises with the relative results. It is an useful educational instrument because it allows the student to acquirethe fundamental knowledge concerning the hydraulic measurements; the student can also realize by himself about theuncertainty of the measurement.
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The Mass Oscillations And Hammer Study Unit is provided with a constant level container connected to the water supply by means of a pipe.
In the hydraulic systems the flow variations produce two phenomena: the mass oscillation and the water hammer which are related each other but have different characteristics.
For the water hammer test, the unit is provided with a quick closing valve with manual control in order to obtain an immediate flow interruption.
The oscillation test section is made of stainless steel 3 m long provided with the valves necessary for the flow control and with two pressure measurement devices, the electric signal of which is sent to a double trace memory oscilloscope which allows to examine, in all the phases, the phenomena of mass oscillation.
The Mass Oscillations And Hammer Study Unit is available in two different solutions:
Hydraulic supply from mains
Hydraulic supply from provided with additional tank.
Experiments:
Determination of the transient pressure curve of a water hammer by means of an oscilloscope
Demonstration of the losses in the reservoir and in the balance tank
Water hammer demonstration
Mass oscillation demonstration
Visualization of oscillation characteristics in the balance pipe.
It can be fed from our Hydraulic Bench or from the mains and it allows, by making use of different weirs, to carry out experiments on the open channels. The Flow Visualization Mini Channel unit, made of transparent plexiglas, allows to study the behaviour of a water flow in a channel of small dimensions. An ink jet device allows to visualize the water flow around the models.
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Hydraulic feed is obtained through an adjustable height reservoir at constant hydraulic head. Pressure losses are measured by means of two U manometers, one water type (800 mm) and the other mercury type (400mm). The Apparatus For The Determination Of Pressure Losses In Pipes has been designed to determine the pressure loss in a pipe in which water is made to flow.
Experiments:
Measurement of pressure loss in a pipe as a function of flow-rate.
Change from lamnar to turbulent flow.
Verification of Reynolds number.
The apparatus consists of a shallow water tight rectangular tank, approximately 2000 mm by 750 mm by 250 mm deep, which can be filled with a fine granular medium to form the experimental terrain. Valves control the number of spray nozzles in operation, enabling a moving storm to be simulated. Profile gauges and impermeable elements are supplied to allow the easy construction of sheet piling, walls, structures, foundations, reservoirs, bridge pier and dams, etc. Above the tank is a frame supporting an array of eight spray nozzles which are used to simulate rainfall. Washed silica sand graded 0.2 mm to 1.0 mm should be used as the permeable medium which must either be ordered separately from or supplied by the end user. Coarser material may be used. The tank is supported on a fabricated steel frame with mountings which allow adjustment of the inclination of the tank.
Experimental Capability:
Study of ground water abstraction through one or two wells
Simulated effects of civil constructions such as bridges and dams
Study of basin hydrological cycles
Permeability analysis
Study of flood and runoff hydrographs
Effects of surface storage on hydraulics
Fluvial process studies including:
Erosion by water on hillsides
Erosion in meandering rivers
Sediment transportation.
The channel sides are transparent in order that bed profile changes can be readily observed, and a section of one side is provided with graphical grid markings to permit quantitative assessments to be made of bedform dynamics. The unit consists of an inclinable channel mounted on a base plate, together with a discharge tank and recirculating pump. To commence a demonstration, sand is placed evenly along the channel bed, between the inlet tank and the overfill discharge weir. The channel slope is adjusted by means of a fine screw jack to which is attached an accurate slope indicator. Water is circulated around the system at one of the three selectable flow rates.
Experimental Capability:
Mechanics of sediment transport
Depositionary features and facies
Fixed, smooth bed flow
Flow over a fixed, gravel bed
Flow over a mobile sand-bed
Bed form hysteresis
Computational work
Local scour
Flow structures
Torque measurement for the dynamometer is by load cell, whilst speed measurement uses a magnetic type pick up. Pump suction and delivery heads are monitored by pressure transducers and the flowrate in the circuit can be accurately determined using the built in flow meter. The testing of such a wide range of pumps on a single test unit is made possible by the provision of quick release hose and drive couplings together with quick release pump fixing clamps, enabling changeover to be made easily and efficiently. All data is logged and displayed on the P.C. that is supplied with the unit. Data can be exported to a spreadsheet for processing.
A positive displacement Gear Pump is supplied as standard with the following pumps available as optional extras:
A positive displacement Vane Pump 40 lpm at 1500 rpm
A rotodynamic Channel Impeller Pump 26 lpm at 3000 rpm
A rotodynamic Centrifugal Pump - duty point of 120 1pm and 0.5 bar at 3000 rpm (max. flow at zero head 140 lpm, max head at zero flow 1.1 bar at 3000 rpm). A rotodynamic Axial Pump - maximum flow 50-60 1pm at 0.2 bar at 10000 rpm. (max head at zero flow 0.5-1 bar with severe cavitation), impeller diameter 38 mm.
A positive displacement Piston Pump - stroke 19.5 mm, bore 20 mm, flow 19 1pm at 1040 rpm, maximum pressure head 67 bar, limited by relief valve to 5 bar
Experimental Capability:
Determination of volumetric and total efficiency
Variation of pump capacity with speed
Head / flow rate plots at various constant speeds
Measurement of brake power input
Cavitation
Specific speed analysis.
A dye injection system allows four dye lines to be generated which highlights visualisation of flow lines and allows flow nets to be drawn for seepage analysis. Scales on the front panel assist in the preparation of models. Permeability Apparatus consists of a framed glass tank, of internal dimensions 1900 mm long by 530 mm high and 130 mm front to back. The base of the tank incorporates fourteen pressure tappings at 100 mm pitch, the tappings are specially designed to prevent the ingress of sand particles. Flexible tubes connect the tappings to two multitube manometer banks scaled 0 to 500 mm, for measure-ment of the water table height along the tank. The tank is mounted on a fabricated steel frame fitted with castors and levelling feet. The front, back and ends of the tank are of clear toughened glass giving scratch free visibility without the risk of abrasion of the inner surfaces by the permeable medium. Scales on the front panel assist in the preparation of models and in the prepara-tion and recording of flow nets. Washed silica sand graded 0.2 mm to 1.0 mm should be used as the permeable medium which must either be ordered separately from supplied by the end user. Coarser material may also be used. An activated carbon decolourising filter is provided in the sump tank to prevent the progressive dis-colouration of the water by prolonged use of dye.
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The pipes are supported on frames and use hand screw clamps to connect the surge and hammer components. The equipment comprises two stainless steel pipes, which can be used either for surge tests or for hammer tests.
Experimental Capability:
Measurement of the velocity of sound through a fluid in a pipe
Recording of hammer pressure profiles using the digital scope supplied
Investigating the effects of pipe hammer caused by a fast closing valve.
Demonstration of water level oscillations in the surge shaft.
Demonstration of frictional head loss between reservoir and surge shaft.
Measuring the pressure profile of hammer
Demonstration of pipe surge.
The manifolds incorporate pressure tappings which allow the pressure drop across each pipe element to be measured using the four 500-0-500 mm water differential manometer bank. The manifolds also incorporate valved discharge points which allow the network to be configured to represent various distribution systems including a ring main and a long distribution system. The apparatus consists of a network of four coiled pipe elements and a differential manometer bank. The four pipe elements are located between a pair of large bore four branch valved manifolds which allow a number of series, parallel and series/parallel network configurations to be achieved. The Network of Pipes Apparatus has been designed as an additional experiment for use with Hydraulics Bench, which provides the basic service module for the pumping and volumetric measurement of the water supply.
Experimental Networks:
Single pipe
Series parallel network with 3 or 4 elements
Four pipes in series
Four pipes in parallel
Two pipes in series
Two pipes in parallel
A long distribution system with 1, 2, 3 or 4 discharge points
A 3 pipe series network with a parallel bypass
A distribution system with 2, 3, or 4 branches from a common manifold
A ring main distribution system with 1, 2, 3 or 4 discharge points
This experimental and demonstration apparatus consists of an open channel of rectangular cross section supported at each end by frames, one of which is adjustable so that the slope of the channel may be varied. This Flow Channel provides a low cost experiment with accuracy comparable with larger scale channel investigations. The channel walls are made from clear acrylic plastic so that full visibility of the flow characteristics can be achieved. A number of test models are provided along with inclinometer and surface profile measuring instrument.
Experimental Capability:
Hydraulic jump - determination of energy head and power loss at the jump section by means of specific energy considerations.
Study of long base weir and calibration of broad crested weir.
Study of Venturi Flume, observation of flow through a throated Flume, calibration of the Flume when used as a flow measuring instrument.
Study of uniform flow in inclined channel, verification of Chazy equation and determination of Chazy Coefficient and Mannings Friction Factor.
Calibration of sharp crested, thin plate overshot weirs. Friction factor and roughened channel bed studies.
Determination of Hydraulic Mean Depth for the flow channel.
Study of flow over triangular hump section, plotting of Specific energy - Depth relationships, comparison of theoretical and experimental values of critical height.
Study of flow under a sluice gate (undershot weir) with application of Specific Energy and Momentum Functions.
The set of white acrylic models with black background comprise a cylinder, aerofoil, smooth contraction - enlargement, sudden contraction - enlargement, cross flow heat exchanger tube bank, and a bend and elbow model. Models are clearly illuminated when positioned in turn in the flow channel. The self-contained, bench mounting unit consists of a highwalled flow channel incorporating a detachable glass front panel, light source, inlet tank with removable flow straightener, level control sluice gate, outlet tank, electrically driven circulating pump, interconnecting pipework, flow control and drain valves, and is complete with a set of models, polystyrene beads and accessories. The aerofoil model allows the angle of incidence to be set as required and other models of the clients own supply can be easily fitted. Some models may be used to simulate either closed conduit or open channel flow by varying the quantity of water in the unit.
Features:
Flow pattern clearly visible
Self-contained system
Simple to operate
Wide range of models
Dye-free system
Illuminated system
Additional models easily made.
Flow straighteners and guide vanes are used. A choice of between one and three flow pumps can be ordered to provide maximum flow rates between 0.3 and 0.8m/s at maximum operating depths. Higher flow rates can be achieved with a smaller depth of water. 300 x 450 mm flow channel (Advanced flow channels) is designed in a modular way to allow different configurations to be purchased against the current and future needs of the user. The inlet chamber has been designed from experience with cavitation tunnels to provide a relatively stable flow. The basic channel is manufactured in 5m sections such that a length of up to 20m can be purchased. The walls of the channel are made from plexiglass (with toughened glass options), the base of the channel is formed from aluminium (with a stainless steel option), and the frame from a coated mild steel fabrication.
Experimental Capability:
Depending on the options purchased, experiments include:
Use and performance of weirs, dams and other hydro structures
Sedimentation transport and settlement
Hull resistance tests and performance
Tidal turbine power measurement
Flow related experiments in open channels
Wind and wave effects on structures.
The apparatus consists of a set of parallel pipes manifolded and valved so that a wide variation of flow circuits can be produced. The first pipe which acts as a feed pipe to the four manifolded pipes, contains a variable area flow meter, a transparent venturi tube, an orifice plate assembly and an annular test section. Means are available to vary the rate of flow over a wide range. Pressure tappings are provided at appropriate points so that measure-ments can be made of head loss over standard lengths of differing pipework, and various types of fittings as required.
Experimental Capability:
Investigations of the flow/pressure drop relationship for an annular pipe, using the concept of equivalent hydraulic diameter.
Investigation of pressure drops across various fittings enabling the results to be used to predict resistance coefficients or equivalent lengths.
Flow through smooth pipes of differing diameters under laminar and turbulent flow conditions with logarithmic plot of friction factorâ„¢ against Reynolds number (Stanton diagram).
Investigation of various methods of flow measurement including variable area meter (Rotameter), Transparent Venturi Meter, Orifice Plate Meter and Pitot Static Tube.
Comparison of pressure drops across three different types of valve (i.e. ball valve, gate valve and seat valve) under different conditions of valve opening.
Flow through roughened pipes of different diameters under laminar and turbulent flow conditions with logarithmic plot of friction factorâ„¢ against Reynolds number (Nikuradse diagram).
The apparatus consists of an open channel of rectangular cross section supported at its inlet end by a reservoir tank, and at the outlet end by a frame. A number of test models are provided along with an ink injector to allow streamlines to be observed. This Flow Channel provides a low cost experiment with an easy to set up and use operation. The nominal dimensions of the channel are 20 mm x 150 mm x 650 mm long. The channel walls are made from clear acrylic plastic so that full visibility of the flow characteristics can be achieved.
Experimental Capability:
Study of flow over triangular hump section, demonstration of approximate Specific energy - Depthâ„¢ relationships, comparison of theoretical and experimental values of critical height
Study of flow with variable head inlet and variable head outlet using the adjustable outlet orifice
Visualisation of flow around objects through the injection of ink into the flow
Study of flow under a sluice gate (undershot weir).
