Electrical Power Systems Lab

Electrical Power Systems

Protective Relay Trainer.
High Voltage Equipment
Power Systems Simulators with Power Plant Module, Transmission Module, Transformers and Transmission Lines Trainer
Substation Protective Relay Trainer, Load Module and SCADA Module.

Power System Simulator

For educational purposes the logical blocking system constitutes an indispensible protection/support by distinctly indicating and blocking non-allowed manoeuvres, ultimately preventing severe damage to the system. 
The Power System Simulator comprises the complete chain of power distribution from generation, transformation, transmission, sub stations and distribution to consumers. Today, simulation plays an important roll in training people in various fields. With a simulator you can train people to make correct decisions under various operating conditions. All brought together in a highly elaborated SCADA environment.
Measurements and presentations are carried out by advanced microprocessor-based nodes, for instance digital bar graphs for synchronization procedures. 
A wide selection of protective relays from world leader ABB can be chosen to satisfy any customer demand, this includes also ABB IED  Relion (600) series which are compliant to the World Wide Power Industry. Power System Simulator is the only simulator for education that meets this requirement. The system comprises several advanced energy meters, each capable of displaying more than 30-parameters such as power factor and non-symmetrical loads.

Power Transmission And Distribution

The major advantage of AC three-phase over DC power systems isthat the electrical power is generated economically in large power stationsrelatively far from the end users, transported at high voltage over longdistances with very little power loss and finally made available to theconsumers providing them with two different levels of voltage depending on theapplication needs. Today, the public electric power is supplied almostexclusively using three-phase systems with frequency of 50 or 60 Hz, dependingon the country.

Current And Voltage Transformers

In general, the current and voltage values are so high that they cannotbe measured directly. Special transformers have to be used to reduce thesevalues to a level that can be measured safely and economically. In electrical power supply systems, currents and voltagesare constantly measured and monitored to ensure that they remain within certainlimits. These values are needed in order to provide information on the health of the system, tocalculate the amount of power supplied to a customer and to rapidly switch offsections of a network in case of a fault event to avoid its propagation thatcould result in the collapse of the entire power supply system.

Portable Capacitive Load Bank

This allows students to create and study the effects ofbalanced or unbalanced capacitive loads. Each bank of capacitors includes athermally operated circuit-breaker to protect the loads. The Portable Capacitive Load Bank is a robust steelenclosure that contains three banks of switchable capacitive loads. Each bankof capacitors is electrically separate, so they can connect as a star or deltaload for three-phase circuits. This helps to preventelectrical shocks when the students disconnect the circuits. The value of thedischarge resistor is too high to affect any experiment results. Each bank has a set of switches to bring eachcapacitor into circuit. Each capacitor of theload bank includes a high-value discharge resistor that safely discharges anyd.c. electrical charge that remains after experiments. Studentsconnect the loads to experiment circuits using safety sockets on the enclosure frontpanel. The other loadbanks are Resistive and Inductive. The enclosure has ventilation holes and hascarrying handles for portability. Students can use this load bank in combination with the other similarload banks to provide variable power and power factor loads. 

Power Factor Load Bank

The load bankincludes three separate banks of resistive, inductive and capacitive loads.They give a choice and combination of types of loads to give unity and leadingor lagging power factor. A voltage-selector switch allows the load bank to work with different line voltages for single and three-phase circuits. The Power Factor Load Bank is a free-standing and mobileunit. Theload bank provides three separate inputs: Lines 1, 2 and 3. This allows it towork with single and three-phase circuits. Each line is independent, whichallows it to connect with the others as a star or delta load. It gives predictable load and power factor characteristics, useful formany different power systems experiments. It also helps to show the principlesof a static VAr compensator used in industrial plants and large factories. The load bank has smallwheels, for easy mobility. This saves time setting up experiments and clearingthe classroom or laboratory after use. Each bank maybe set to different values, to give an unbalanced load for balanced andunbalanced load tests. The top of the load bank includes a useful worktop forany additional instruments or for recording results.

Portable Resistive Load Bank

This allows students to create and study the effects of balancedor unbalanced resistive loads. Each bank of resistors includes a thermallyoperated circuit-breaker to protect the loads. Studentscan use this load bank in combination with the other similar load banks toprovide variable power and power factor loads. The other load banks areCapacitive and Inductive. The enclosure has ventilation holes and carryinghandles for portability. The Portable Resistive Load Bank is a robust steel enclosurethat contains three banks of switchable resistive loads. Each bank of resistorsis electrically separate, so they can connect as a star or delta load forthree-phase circuits. Each bank has a set of switches to bring each resistorinto circuit. Students connect the loads toexperiment circuits using safety sockets on the enclosure front panel.

Circuit Breaker Trainer

It allows students to adjust the fault current in four different protection circuits totest and compare them. A variable transformer inside the unit works with theload to set and control the fault current in each of four circuits. This equipment works with a suitable three-phase supply andload to show how the most common circuit protection devices perform. To show students how industrial switching circuits work, eachcircuit includes a contact breaker, switched by an industrial standarddiscrepancy switch. Circuit one includes an additional adjustable residualcurrent detector for experiments with different residual current faults. Each circuit has a different current protection device, including fuses, a magneticonly circuit-breaker, a thermal only circuit-breaker, and a thermo magneticcircuit breaker. This uses lamps to show the students when each of the fuses breaks. It shows the fault current and breaking time relationship for differentfuse types. It includes a digital display and switches to help set the earth leakage faultcurrent before the test. Circuit two tests fuses and includes a fuse break detector circuit. 

Salient Pole Generator

The open and flexible design is ideal for lecturers to create theirown experiments, as well as student project work. To allow realisticinvestigations, the characteristics of the prime mover and generator aresimilar to industrial turbine and generator sets. The Salient Pole Generator explores the principles andcharacteristics of salient pole generators. It contains everything needed forsalient pole generator experiments including resistive capacitive and inductiveload banks. Manual or automatic voltage regulation excitation controls theoutput voltage of the generator. When the generator is in overrun mode,resistors dissipate the reverse power. The prime mover and generatorset is two coupled machines mounted on a common bedplate in the base of theconsole. The user maysynchronise the generator output to the grid supply using a synchroscope. Theymay also use the set of three coloured lamps. The control and protectioncircuits work when the generator is unsynchronised and synchronised to themains electrical supply. A vector drive controls the speed of theprime mover and allows investigations into load flow in positive and negative directions. An integral shaft encoder allows load angle analysis. When the generator is synchronised, the user canoperate a variable quadrature droop for reactive power regulation.

Transmission Line Simulator

The console is divided into two control panels, each with detailedmimic diagrams. The upper panel has a single phase transmission line equivalentcircuit, and the lower panel a three-phase transmission line. The lines may beloaded by the resistive, capacitive and inductive loads included. The Transmission Line Simulator investigates single-phaseand three-phase transmission lines. The effectscan be monitored by instruments at the send and receive ends of thetransmission lines. The single-phase transmission line includes a set ofinductive impedances connected in series. The configurable simulated transmissionlines allow realistic studies of short, medium and long-distance transmissionlines under variable load and power factor conditions, as well as with insertedfaults. Tapping points allow the user to:

Change the length of the simulated line
The three-phase transmission line is in six sectionsrepresented in per-unit values. 
Monitor the voltage, current and power at any point alongthe line.
Set up Pi or Tee methods of loss profiling using differentvalues of capacitance and
Facilities include:
A fault application switch and earth fault resistors allowstudies of earth fault currents and the operation of relays of varyingsensitivity. 
Operating under variable balanced or unbalanced RLC loads
Provision to vary the length parameters
Select able neutral
For protection tests, current transformers  in the test circuits connect to the protectionrelay fitted to the control panel.

Second Generator For Power System Trainer

It provides extra experiments andstudies into power generation. The motor and generator set consists of two coupled machines mounted in the base of the control console. A self-contained motor and generator set that operates as asecond generator for Power System Trainer. The relays show students how actual generatorsare protected and the different ways that they are protected. Students can setthe relays from their control panels. Manual or differenttypes of automatic excitation control the output of the generator. A vector drive controls the speed of the motor. Digital meters show the conditions ofthe prime mover and generator. The circuit breakers also include hand-operated switches,and lamps. The lamps show whether the circuit-breaker is open or closed. The relays also include sockets to linkthem to a suitable computer  for moredetailed programming, if needed. The relays operate the circuit breakers aroundthe second generator.

Distribution Trainer

Nett dimensions and weight:
1850 mm long x 1870 mm high x 960 mm front to back and 670kg
Packed volume and weight: 5 m3 and 800 kg
Three-phase loads:
220 V star-connected resistive, inductive and capacitive
110 V delta-connected resistive
Protection relays:
1 x single phase over current
1 x three phase over current
1 x three-phase over current with voltage
Transformers:
2 x low-voltage single-phase
1 x line power 5 kVA three-phase delta-star reduces theincoming supply down to 220/230 V
1 x line receive 3 kVA three-phase delta-star with starpoint link to earth 220 V/110 V three-phase. Includes tap selection on itsprimary windings of ±10%, ±7.5%, ±5%, ±2.5%, and 0%.
Low voltage supplies:
30 volts d.c. or 0–30 volts a.c.

Transformer Trainer

The Transformer Trainer module fully examines single phase andthree-phase power and distribution transformers.

The fully instrumentedunit includes:
One three-phase educational transformer
Three single-phase educational transformers with tertiarywindings
One three-phase delta-star transformer
The module includes a second fixed ratio delta-star transformer for extraexperiments. An adjustable autotransformer allows lower voltage experiments. All windings of the educational transformers connect to colour-codedshrouded sockets on the control panel. The control panel includes all the analogue and digital meters andtransducers needed to measure electrical voltage, current and power for alltransformer tests. The educational transformers work at onevolt each turn, so the no-load output voltages are the same as the number ofsecondary turns. Also included are selectable resistive, inductive andcapacitive loads, which can connect in parallel, series, delta or star connection.

Thyristor And Diode Converters

The multi-tapped transformers give a choice of single and three-phase AC voltages for connectionto the diodes and thyristors. A centre-tapped inter phase transformer shows theeffect of reducing circulating currents in rectifier circuits. The control panel has clear mimic diagrams with shrouded sockets. Students use shrouded leads to connect the different parts of the circuits. The parts include thyristors, diodes, inductors, transformers and smoothingcapacitors. The Thyristor and Diode Trainer is a versatile teaching aid.It explores the principles and applications of thyristors, diodes andconverters. A mix of standard analogue meters and a multifunction digital metermeasure the currents and voltages in the circuits. Students use controls on the lower panel to adjust ACsupply voltage and ballast resistance during experiments. A load inductorshows the effect of inductance when smoothing the AC ripple in rectifiercircuits. Fast-blow fuses on the control panel protect the load side ofexperiment circuits.

Key Features:
Selectable gate pulse monitor connection to compare firingpulse with output waveforms
Fully equipped for both single and three phase experiments
Transducers and oscilloscope included for wave form monitoring
Internal or external thyristor firing control source
Variable thyristor firing delay for studies of harmonics andeffect of firing delay on output waveforms.

Three Phase Voltage Transformer

Three Phase Voltage Transformer for measuring and protection.
Accuracy class: 1
Frequency: 50  60 Hz
Rated primary voltage: 380 V/3 (220 V)
Rated secondary voltages:  100 V/3, Performance 15 VA 100 V/3, Performance 5 VA

Brake control unit

Control unit for the powder brake. The speed and the torque are displayed by means of instruments; analogue outputs are also available. It allows measuring the rotating speed and the torque generated by an electrical motor. It also provides the excitation voltage to the brake. 
Ranges: 2000 - 4000 - 6000 rpm, with switch
Torque section: 50 division instrument, class 1.5
Ranges: 10 - 20 Nm, with switch
Speed section: 40 division instrument, class 1.5
Power supply section for the brake:
Supply voltage: 230 V, 50/60 Hz
Output: from 0 to 20 Vdc, 1 A.

Variable Three Phase Power Supply

Power supply unit for variable three phase voltage suitable for supplying AC machines. 
Multifunctional digital instrument that supplies voltage, current and power
Ac output: 3 x 0 ... 380 V, 8 A
Start and stop push-buttons
Motor protection circuit breaker: 6.3 to 10 A
16 A, 30 mA differential magneto-thermal main switch
Key operated emergency push-button
Modbus interface connectors.
Supply voltage: three-phase from mains.
The output voltage is set by a rotary knob with 0-100% scale.

Electricity & Electronics

Many different modules can be connected to a base-unit. For each product line, comprehensive experiment manuals in four colours are available. This equipment and the manuals cover everything you need for basic studies in Electricity and Electronics.

Electrical Machines & Drives Program

Accurate torque meter systems. The new Torque Sensor uses the latest technology, without need for regular calibration.
A handy physical size.
Possibility to use standard instruments.
A comprehensive range of test machines with accessories, to show typical characteristics, valid also for larger machines.